DRUG INTERACTIONS AND SELF-MEDICATION: RISKS OF THE INDISCRIMINATE USE OF MEDICATIONS WITHOUT PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE

Resumen

The present study aims to analyze, through a rigorous review of the scientific literature, the dangers inherent in the practice of self-medication, with an emphasis on potential and hazardous drug interactions. This approach is crucial, as self-medication has become established as a serious public health problem, driven by easy access to medications, the search for immediate symptom relief, and, often, the influence of unverified information. The methodology employed consisted of an in-depth analysis of scientific articles, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies that address the consequences of the irrational use of drugs without proper guidance from a qualified healthcare professional. The main findings demonstrate an alarming scenario: self-medication not only increases the risk of adverse reactions and intoxications, but also significantly compromises the therapeutic effectiveness of treatments. The simultaneous or sequential intake of different medications, without knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, may result in toxic effects, nullify the expected therapeutic action, or mask the diagnosis of underlying diseases. Additionally, an impact of extreme relevance to public health is the increase in antimicrobial resistance, frequently associated with the inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics without prescription. This irresponsible practice directly contributes to the emergence of so-called “superbugs,” limiting treatment options for future infections and increasing global morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, minimizing these complex and multifaceted risks is imperative. Investment in robust public policies that promote continuous public education on the rational use of medications is essential, highlighting the fundamental role of the pharmacist in counseling and pharmaceutical care. Professional guidance and the strengthening of access to medical consultations are essential pillars to ensure the safe and effective use of drugs, protecting individual and collective health against the silent dangers of self-medication.