BENZODIAZEPINES: IMMEDIATE BENEFITS, LONG TERM RISKS

Resumo

Benzodiazepines are widely used medications for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy, and muscular disorders, primarily due to their efficacy and safety profile. However, prolonged and indiscriminate use of these drugs is associated with numerous side effects, including physical and psychological dependence, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of falls in elderly patients. Literature suggests that chronic use of this pharmacological class may exacerbate symptoms of depression and anxiety, trapping patients in a vicious cycle that hinders medication discontinuation. Dependence occurs in up to 50% of users after six months of continuous use, and abrupt withdrawal can lead to severe withdrawal crises. Studies have shown that retrograde amnesia may become irreversible, particularly in the elderly, raising concerns about the development of dementia. Furthermore, concurrent use with alcohol can result in severe adverse effects, potentially leading to death. Regulation of this drug class is of utmost importance, requiring rigorous monitoring, especially among vulnerable populations. The role of the pharmacist is crucial in ensuring proper adherence to medication, thereby preventing indiscriminate use.