TREATMENT OF GONARTHROSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HYALURONIC ACID AND PLATELET-RICH PLASMA

Abstract

Gonarthrosis, or knee osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects millions of people worldwide, causing pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Given the growing prevalence and significant impact of gonarthrosis, several treatment modalities have been investigated, including the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). HA is a substance naturally present in joint cartilage and synovial fluid, responsible for lubricating and cushioning the joints. The administration of exogenous HA aims to restore the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid, reduce friction, and relieve pain. On the other hand, PRP is a concentrated platelet solution obtained from the patient's own blood, rich in growth factors that stimulate tissue regeneration and modulate inflammation. The injection of PRP into the knee affected by gonarthrosis aims to promote cartilage repair and reduce pain. Comparative studies between HA and PRP have shown promising results in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with gonarthrosis. Although some studies have found no significant differences between the two treatments, others suggest that PRP may be more effective in patients with more advanced degrees of osteoarthritis or with associated chondral lesions. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of HA and PRP may vary depending on factors such as the severity of gonarthrosis, patient characteristics, and the treatment protocol used. Despite the effective results, it is essential to recognize the limitations of studies on HA and PRP for gonarthrosis. Many studies have a relatively small sample size, limited follow-up time, and possible biases, which may compromise the validity of the results. In addition, heterogeneity between studies in terms of inclusion criteria, treatment protocols, and outcome measures makes it difficult to compare and synthesize results. In summary, both HA and PRP represent promising treatment options for gonarthrosis, with the potential to relieve pain and improve physical function. However, it is necessary to consider the limitations of existing studies and individualize the choice of treatment based on patient characteristics and disease severity. Future studies with larger samples, longer follow-up, and rigorous methodology are needed to confirm the benefits and clarify the limitations of HA and PRP in the treatment of gonarthrosis.