NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION: BENEFITS, RISKS, AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

Abstract

Nutritional supplementation has gained prominence in recent decades due to the growing interest in strategies that promote health, physical performance, and disease prevention. This chapter aims to analyze the benefits, risks, and scientific evidence related to the use of nutritional supplements, based on research conducted by renowned authors such as Catherine A. Field, Bruce N. Ames, and Susan Lanham-New. The methodology consisted of a narrative review of studies published in major scientific databases, including systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and guidelines from organizations such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the American Society for Nutrition. Results indicate that supplements such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics demonstrate validated benefits in specific populations, whereas the indiscriminate use of high-dose antioxidants and multivitamins may pose risks, as highlighted in the studies of Bjelakovic et al. Additionally, the effectiveness of supplementation is influenced by factors such as dosage, duration of use, and prior nutritional status. In conclusion, supplementation is clinically relevant when used judiciously and supported by scientific evidence, reinforcing the need for individualized professional guidance.