NEUROPSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS OF TIRZEPATIDE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH: A REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, AND EMOTIONAL IMPACTS

Abstract

Introduction: Tirzepatide is an incretin-based medication that acts on receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Its use has expanded in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity—conditions associated with various metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychosocial repercussions. In this context, investigating potential neuropsychiatric effects and their implications for women’s health represents an important area of ​​clinical research. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence regarding the potential neuropsychiatric effects of tirzepatide, considering psychological, emotional, and cognitive manifestations, as well as specific aspects of women’s health, including reproductive health, body image, and vulnerability to eating disorders. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review based on scientific publications concerning tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, psychiatric safety, and women’s health, alongside regulatory information about the medication. The review encompasses clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pharmacovigilance analyses. The interpretation of findings accounts for methodological limitations and the distinction between statistical association and causality. Results and Discussion: Available evidence does not demonstrate a consistent increase in the risk of suicidal ideation or behavior associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Clinical analyses specific to tirzepatide also show reassuring results regarding depressive symptoms in selected populations. However, pharmacovigilance studies have identified signals that warrant further investigation into sleep disturbances, eating behaviors, and potential neuropsychiatric manifestations. Regarding women’s health, areas requiring attention include the indirect effects of weight loss, expectations related to body image, potential menstrual irregularities, and interactions with oral contraceptives. There is currently insufficient evidence to establish causal links between tirzepatide and cognitive impairment or specific psychiatric alterations in women. Conclusion: While tirzepatide offers significant metabolic benefits, its use should be accompanied by an individualized clinical assessment. Monitoring for emotional symptoms, sleep disturbances, changes in eating behavior, and reproductive health issues can contribute to safer patient care. Prospective studies are needed to specifically evaluate differences related to sex, hormonal stages, and pre-existing psychiatric conditions.