BREASTFEEDING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PREGNANCY-POSTPARTUM CYCLE: BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES FACED BY WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH, AND THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN MAINTAINING EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.049-054Keywords:
Breastfeeding, Maternal and child health, Postpartum period, Pregnancy-puerperal cycle, Women’s health careAbstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the main strategies for promoting maternal and child health and is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors throughout the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. This study aimed to analyze the biopsychosocial challenges faced by women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding. This is a narrative literature review based on scientific articles, Ministry of Health manuals, and publications from international organizations such as the World Health Organization, published between 2018 and 2025. The findings showed that factors such as breast pain, nipple fissures, maternal insecurity, emotional changes, lack of support networks, obstetric violence, socioeconomic difficulties, and early return to work negatively affect breastfeeding continuity. On the other hand, multiprofessional follow-up, health education during prenatal care, and family support demonstrated a positive impact on adherence to exclusive breastfeeding. It is concluded that maintaining breastfeeding requires comprehensive and humanized care for women throughout all stages of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, considering their physical, emotional, and social needs in order to strengthen maternal and child health promotion practices.
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