EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE AS A TOOL IN THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS OUTBREAKS

Abstract

Epidemiological surveillance is an essential tool for the early detection and control of infectious disease outbreaks, particularly in vulnerable health contexts. This study aims to analyze the importance of epidemiological surveillance as a strategic instrument in managing infectious outbreaks. This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific publications from national and international databases such as SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS, including studies published in recent years. The results indicate that well-structured surveillance systems enable rapid case identification, monitoring of disease spread, and timely implementation of control measures, such as isolation, vaccination, and health education. Furthermore, the integration between different levels of healthcare and the use of information technologies are highlighted as key factors in improving responses to epidemiological emergencies. It is concluded that epidemiological surveillance plays a crucial role in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious outbreaks, emphasizing the need for continuous investment in professional training, infrastructure, and effective public health policies.