PHYSICAL THERAPY IN ADULT INTENSIVE CARE: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO VENTILATION, MOBILIZATION, AND OUTCOMES

Abstract

Physical therapy in intensive care plays a central role in optimizing mechanical ventilation, early mobilization, and improving clinical outcomes in critically ill adult patients. This chapter aims to integrate key scientific advances related to protective ventilation strategies, ventilator weaning, and safe motor interventions within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The methodology consisted of a narrative review based on studies and guidelines from recognized authors, including Fan et al. (2017), Schweickert and Kress (2011), Brower et al. (2000), and Morris et al. (2008), encompassing clinical trials and international recommendations on ventilatory support and rehabilitation. The results indicate that lung-protective ventilation using low tidal volumes reduces mortality and ventilator-induced lung injury, while structured early-mobilization protocols improve functional independence and decrease hospital length of stay. Furthermore, standardized ventilator weaning approaches increase weaning success and reduce respiratory complications. In conclusion, the integration of ventilation management, mobilization, and outcome monitoring reinforces the physiotherapeutic approach in the ICU, promoting faster recovery, reduced disability, and overall better patient prognosis.