SARCOPENIA AND FALLS IN OLDER ADULTS: SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON PREVENTION, REHABILITATION, AND REDUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY

Abstract

Sarcopenia is a highly relevant condition in older adults, characterized by a progressive decline in muscle strength associated with loss of muscle mass and impaired physical performance, factors that may increase vulnerability to falls, functional limitations, and loss of independence. This chapter aims to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia and falls in older adults, emphasizing strategies for prevention, rehabilitation, and reduction of functional disability. This study consists of a literature review based on scientific research addressing aging, musculoskeletal health, and functional capacity in older populations. The evidence indicates that reduced muscle strength and physical performance may impair balance, mobility, and the ability to perform activities of daily living, thereby contributing to an increased risk of falls and their consequences. The main preventive and therapeutic strategies include physical exercise, particularly strength and balance training, nutritional assessment, adequate protein intake, identification of fall-related risk factors, and multidisciplinary care. It is concluded that early identification of sarcopenia and the implementation of integrated interventions are essential to prevent falls, support rehabilitation, preserve functional capacity, and promote greater independence and quality of life throughout the aging process.