IMPACT OF LATE ASD DIAGNOSIS ON FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOW - AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and restricted behavioral patterns. This study aims to analyze the impact of late diagnosis of ASD on the functional development of individuals in low- and middle-income countries. This is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific articles published in national and international databases. The results indicate that late diagnosis is associated with significant impairments in cognitive, social, and adaptive domains, as well as increased family burden and reduced access to early interventions. It was also observed that factors such as limitations in healthcare systems, lack of professional training, and socioeconomic barriers contribute to delayed diagnosis. It is concluded that early identification of ASD is essential for implementing effective therapeutic strategies, highlighting the need for public policies, professional training, and expanded access to healthcare services to reduce negative impacts on functional development.