NATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAM: IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH

Abstract

Smoking remains one of the main preventable risk factors for morbidity and mortality in Brazil, requiring structured responses from the health system. This study analyzed the National Tobacco Control Program, emphasizing its health, care, and economic impacts, as well as the role of Primary Health Care in the treatment of smokers. A literature review was carried out including publications from 2021 to 2026 and official documents from the Ministry of Health. The results showed a progressive reduction in the prevalence of smokers and the expansion of smoke-free environments. It was observed that cognitive-behavioral approaches associated with pharmacotherapy increase cessation rates. Despite the advances achieved, barriers related to adherence, irregular supply of medications, and professional training persist. Greater vulnerability to smoking was identified among groups with lower income and education levels. The economic impact of tobacco consumption revealed high expenditures on cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and cancer. The relevance of the Brazilian legal framework for the protection of collective health was highlighted. Emerging challenges such as the expansion of electronic cigarettes and digital marketing were identified. Primary Health Care was recognized as the gateway and coordinator of care. Health education programs and longitudinal follow-up proved to be essential for maintaining abstinence. It is concluded that strengthening the PNCT requires intersectoral integration, stable funding, and continuous surveillance. It is recommended to expand professional training and community participation. Further regional evaluative research on the effectiveness of interventions and adherence to treatment is necessary. Tobacco control remains a priority for Brazilian public health.