FAST-TRACK E ERAS EM CIRURGIA ONCOLÓGICA: OTIMIZAÇÃO DE DESFECHOS E RECUPERAÇÃO ACELERADA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.044-001Palavras-chave:
Cirurgia oncológica, ERAS, Fast-Track, Recuperação acelerada, Terapia adjuvanteResumo
A recuperação acelerada na cirurgia oncológica tem sido amplamente discutida como estratégia para reduzir o impacto do trauma cirúrgico e otimizar desfechos clínicos. Esta revisão integrativa analisou evidências recentes acerca dos protocolos Fast-Track e Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), destacando suas convergências e diferenças. Ambos os modelos baseiam-se em abordagem multimodal, com ênfase na analgesia otimizada, mobilização precoce, redução do jejum e integração multiprofissional. Os resultados demonstram redução consistente do tempo de internação, menor incidência de complicações pós-operatórias e recuperação funcional mais rápida. Entretanto, o ERAS apresenta maior padronização, sustentada por diretrizes baseadas em evidências, auditoria contínua e monitoramento de indicadores assistenciais, favorecendo reprodutibilidade e sustentabilidade institucional. Estudos apontam que sua implementação não compromete a segurança oncológica, preservando taxas de sobrevida e recorrência, além de possibilitar reinício mais precoce da terapia adjuvante. Há ainda evidências emergentes de possível impacto positivo em desfechos de longo prazo. O Fast-Track, por sua vez, caracteriza-se por maior flexibilidade operacional, o que facilita sua adoção inicial, especialmente em contextos com recursos limitados. Contudo, a ausência de estrutura formal e auditoria sistemática pode gerar heterogeneidade na aplicação e variabilidade nos resultados. Conclui-se que, embora ambos os modelos sejam eficazes na otimização do cuidado perioperatório, o ERAS demonstra maior robustez metodológica e potencial de consolidação como política institucional na cirurgia oncológica.
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