ONCOLOGIC THORACIC SURGERY IN ADVANCED LUNG CANCER: INTEGRATION BETWEEN MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS, TARGETED THERAPIES, AND NATIONAL CLINICAL PROGNOSIS

Resumen

Advanced lung cancer represents a major public health challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates and the therapeutic complexity involved in its management. In this context, the incorporation of precision medicine strategies has significantly changed the clinical and surgical approach for these patients. Objective: to analyze the integration between oncologic thoracic surgery, molecular diagnosis, and targeted therapies in the treatment of advanced lung cancer, emphasizing their impacts on the national clinical prognosis. Methodology: this study consists of a narrative literature review conducted through searches in national and international databases, including PubMed, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), selecting studies related to molecular profiling, surgical approaches, and targeted therapies. Results: findings showed that advances in diagnostic technologies enabled greater identification of biomarkers and specific mutations, supporting personalized therapeutic approaches and expanding surgical possibilities in selected cases. Furthermore, improved survival rates and better quality of life were observed among patients. Conclusion: the integration of molecular diagnosis, thoracic surgery, and targeted therapies presents promising outcomes in the treatment of advanced lung cancer; however, structural and access-related challenges still limit its implementation nationwide.