SEPSIS, BIOFILM, AND CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Resumen

Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), often associated with infections related to invasive devices, particularly central venous catheters. In this context, microbial biofilm formation represents an important clinical challenge due to its ability to protect microorganisms against antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. This study aimed to analyze contemporary challenges related to sepsis, biofilm formation, and catheter-associated infections in critically ill patients admitted to ICUs. This is a narrative literature review conducted using scientific articles published in national and international databases, including PubMed, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL), selecting studies relevant to the topic. The results demonstrated that biofilms are a determining factor in the persistence of infections, increased microbial resistance, and development of severe septic conditions. Furthermore, factors such as prolonged catheter use, failures in healthcare protocols, and inappropriate antimicrobial use contribute to worsening the problem. It was concluded that the rigorous implementation of preventive measures, combined with continuous professional education and infection control strategies, is essential to reduce complications and improve critically ill patient safety.