DRUG–FOOD INTERACTION: IMPACTS AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Resumen

The interaction between medications and foods is a relevant and complex topic that may compromise treatment efficacy and patient safety. The present study is a review article whose general objective is to analyze the main interactions between medications and foods and their impacts on treatment efficacy. The specific objectives include classifying the most common types of interactions, identifying the medications most prone to interacting with foods, and suggesting strategies to minimize risks. The methodology consisted of a literature review, with the selection of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024 in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases. Descriptors such as “drug-nutrient interaction,” “drug interaction with foods,” “alcohol x medication,” and “drug interactions” were used, encompassing publications in Portuguese and English. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that factors such as type of food, timing of intake, and drug characteristics can directly influence the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of medications. Medications such as antihypertensives, antibiotics, and supplements are more likely to undergo food interactions, which may reduce efficacy or cause adverse effects. It is concluded that knowledge about these interactions is essential for promoting the rational use of medicines, and that follow-up by health professionals and proper guidance for patients are indispensable.