CLINICAL PHENOTYPING ASSOCIATED WITH COMORBIDITIES (ADHD, EPILEPSY, ANXIETY, GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS)

Resumen

Clinical phenotyping has emerged as a fundamental approach to understanding the heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly when associated with common comorbidities such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, anxiety, and gastrointestinal disorders. This chapter aims to analyze the relevance of clinical phenotyping in identifying clinical profiles associated with these comorbidities, contributing to more accurate diagnoses and individualized therapeutic strategies. The methodology consists of a narrative literature review, including clinical, observational, and systematic review studies published in recognized scientific databases, encompassing both pediatric and adult populations. The results demonstrate that the presence of multiple comorbidities significantly influences clinical presentation, prognosis, and treatment response, highlighting the need for a multidimensional assessment. Additionally, gastrointestinal disorders and anxiety were found to exacerbate neurological and behavioral symptoms, while epilepsy showed a direct impact on cognitive development. It is concluded that clinical phenotyping associated with comorbidities is a key tool for both clinical practice and research, enabling an integrated, patient-centered, and evidence-based approach.