COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT (CGA): A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO ELDERLY HEALTH

Abstract

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional and interdisciplinary diagnostic process designed to determine the medical, psychosocial, and functional capabilities and problems of an older adult. Its primary goal is not only to identify illnesses but also to understand the individual's overall health status to optimize their well-being and autonomy. Unlike a conventional medical assessment, which tends to focus on a single complaint or organ system, CGA considers the person as a whole. It explores five main domains: physical health (including comorbidities and medication use), functioning (ability to perform activities of daily living and instrumental activities), mental health (assessment of mood and cognition), social environment (family support and support network), and physical environment (safety and architectural barriers). The application of CGA results in the formulation of an individualized care plan coordinated by the healthcare team, which may include physicians, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, nutritionists, and social workers. This method proves crucial for preventing disabilities, managing chronic conditions, promoting independence, and improving quality of life, making it a fundamental tool in modern geriatric care.