GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PNEUMONIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.061-054Keywords:
Antibiotics, Clinical guidelines, Diagnosis, Microbial resistance, PneumoniaAbstract
Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization, complications, and mortality worldwide, imposing a heavy healthcare burden and significant economic impact. Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological heterogeneity necessitates distinguishing between key subtypes: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, and specific viral, fungal, or mycobacterial etiologies. This systematic review analyzes evidence from major international and national guidelines updated through 2025, focusing on diagnostic criteria, severity stratification, rational antimicrobial selection, treatment duration, and prevention measures, while highlighting recent updates such as the use of lung ultrasound, shorter treatment regimens, and the discontinuation of the "healthcare-associated pneumonia" category. Adopting evidence-based pathways reduces mortality and minimizes both antibiotic overuse and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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