CONTEMPORARY VACCINE HESITANCY IN THE FACE OF THE ADVANCE OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES: IMPACTS OF SCIENTIFIC MISINFORMATION, DIGITAL MEDIA, AND THE LOSS OF PUBLIC TRUST ON HERD IMMUNITY AND GLOBAL HEALTH

Abstract

Contemporary vaccine hesitancy has become a major challenge for global public health, particularly in light of the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases that were previously under control. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of scientific misinformation, the influence of digital media, and the decline in public trust on vaccine adherence and its consequences for herd immunity and global health. The methodology consisted of a narrative literature review based on studies by recognized authors in the fields of immunization, health communication, and social behavior, published in national and international scientific databases. The results demonstrated that the rapid spread of false information through digital environments, combined with anti-vaccine content and limited scientific literacy, significantly contributes to increasing vaccine insecurity. Furthermore, sociocultural, political, and institutional factors influence risk perception and public trust in immunization programs. It is concluded that vaccine hesitancy is a multifactorial phenomenon that compromises vaccination coverage, promotes the reemergence of vaccine-preventable diseases, and threatens collective protection. Integrated strategies based on health education, accessible scientific communication, and strengthening social trust are essential for preserving global public health.