IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: EFFICACY, RISKS, AND IMPACT ON TREATMENT

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that primarily affects women between 30 and 50 years of age, leading to progressive joint destruction and functional impairment. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, immunobiologicals emerge as an innovative therapeutic alternative because they act selectively on specific molecular targets, providing better symptom control and improved quality of life for patients. Despite their efficacy, these medications present challenges such as high cost, adverse effects, and the need for rigorous monitoring. This study was developed through a bibliographic review with a qualitative and descriptive approach, using scientific sources from the SciELO and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 and 2024. The objective was to evaluate the impacts of the use of immunobiologicals in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, considering their efficacy, associated risks, and implications within the context of the health system. The analysis showed that immunobiologicals contribute significantly to disease remission, reduction of physical disabilities, improvement of psychological well-being, and social reintegration of patients. However, their use requires public policies that ensure equitable access, the sustainability of the SUS, and the qualification of health services. It is concluded that the adoption of this therapy requires an integrated approach involving innovation, clinical safety, and economic viability.