MULTIPLE FACES OF VIOLENCE: PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS, STUDENTS, FAMILIES, AND EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CARE PROFESSIONALS ABOUT THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VIOLENCE

Resumen

Violence against children and adolescents is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, the consequences of which extend beyond the private sphere and directly affect both the school environment and the learning process. This article seeks to examine manifestations of violence within three specific contexts—family, school, and institutional—with particular emphasis on case identification and the challenges related to underreporting and the absence of formal complaints. The exploratory and analytical investigation reveals that the diverse typologies of violence exert a detrimental influence on the cognitive, social, and emotional development of school-aged individuals, reinforcing existing inequalities and jeopardizing educational continuity. Moreover, the scarcity of information regarding reporting mechanisms, coupled with fear of reprisals, contributes significantly to the invisibility of the issue. The findings underscore the urgency of strengthening intersectoral public policies, promoting awareness-raising initiatives, and expanding the training of educators to enable the early detection of signs of violence. Additionally, the creation of accessible digital platforms, such as applications and websites, is recommended to facilitate reporting in a more efficient, secure, and effective manner. It is concluded that the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents requires a collective endeavor involving the State, society, and educational institutions, in order to guarantee a safe, inclusive, and rights-based school environment.