MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER: THE ROLE OF LASER THERAPY IN PALLIATIVE CARE

Resumen

Pain associated with oropharyngeal cancer is a complex phenomenon resulting not only from tumor progression but also from adverse effects of oncological treatments, especially chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this context, oral mucositis stands out as one of the most frequent clinical complications, characterized by painful lesions that impair essential functions such as eating, swallowing, and communication, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the adoption of therapeutic strategies that address pain in its multiple dimensions—integrating physical, functional, emotional, and social aspects—is essential. This study aimed to analyze the multidimensional approach to pain in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, with emphasis on the role of low-level laser therapy in palliative care. A narrative literature review was conducted based on scientific articles, books, and official documents published between 2021 and 2025 addressing head and neck cancer, orofacial pain, oral mucositis, palliative care, and laser therapy. The findings indicate that low-level laser therapy has beneficial effects in the management of oral mucositis, promoting significant pain reduction, acceleration of the healing process, modulation of the inflammatory response, and improvement in oral functionality. These outcomes contribute to greater patient comfort, improved adherence to oncological treatment, and preservation of dignity throughout the disease process. It is concluded that low-level laser therapy is a safe, effective, and relevant therapeutic strategy when integrated into a multidimensional pain management approach within palliative care for patients with oropharyngeal cancer.