OCULAR TRAUMA: AN UPDATED ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study comprehensively addresses the various threats to eye health, highlighting the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to preserve vision and quality of life. Initially, the causes and mechanisms of eye injuries are explored, including trauma, burns (chemical and thermal), radiation exposure, and complications resulting from improper contact lens use. The clinical presentation associated with each type of injury is described, emphasizing the importance of recognizing early symptoms to seek immediate medical attention. Accurate diagnosis is emphasized as a crucial step, involving a detailed history, a complete physical examination, and, when necessary, additional tests such as computed tomography and ocular ultrasound. Treatment options are extensively discussed, ranging from the use of lubricating eye drops and antibiotics for milder cases to complex surgical interventions to repair the eyeball, correct orbital fractures, or treat complications such as retinal detachment and traumatic cataracts. Visual rehabilitation is also addressed as an essential component for patients who have suffered vision loss, offering resources and techniques to optimize remaining vision and promote social and professional reintegration. Prevention is reiterated as the most effective strategy for protecting eye health. The article emphasizes the importance of risk awareness and adopting safety measures in various settings, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in risky activities, careful handling of chemicals and tools, safety in the home environment, and practicing sports with adequate protection.