RESPIRATORY FAILURE: FROM DIAGNOSIS TO TREATMENT

Abstract

Respiratory failure, a condition in which the respiratory system is unable to maintain adequate levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, requires rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment. This article covers everything from diagnostic methods to the latest therapeutic approaches. Initially, the diagnosis involves clinical evaluation of the patient, complemented by tests such as arterial blood gas analysis, which measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, and imaging tests, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, which help identify possible underlying causes, such as pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The treatment of respiratory failure is multifaceted and aims to correct the underlying cause, improve oxygenation and ventilation, and prevent complications. Oxygen therapy, which consists of administering supplemental oxygen, is a fundamental initial measure. In more severe cases, invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation may be necessary to assist or replace lung function. In addition, drug treatment plays a crucial role, with the use of bronchodilators to relieve airway obstruction, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antibiotics to treat infections, and diuretics to remove excess fluid from the lungs. Pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes breathing exercises and physical conditioning, is also important for improving lung function and patients' quality of life. The management of respiratory failure requires an integrated and individualized approach, ranging from accurate diagnosis to comprehensive treatment, with the aim of optimizing respiratory function and improving clinical outcomes.