PERIPHERAL OBSTRUCTIVE ARTERIAL DISEASE: CORRELATION BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS AND VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis that primarily affects the arteries of the lower limbs. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is its main modifiable risk factor, increasing the likelihood of developing the disease by up to fourfold and accelerating its progression. The association between PAOD and DM alters the disease's anatomical and clinical profile: distal obstruction, medial layer calcification, and atypical or silent symptoms (due to associated neuropathy) predominate. This combination drastically increases the risk of ulcers, critical ischemia, major amputations, and cardiovascular mortality. This article addresses epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, focusing on the correlation between the two conditions and the reduction of complications.