SUPER EL NIÑO 2023–2024 AND THE WORSENING OF EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS IN BRAZIL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE EPISODES OF 1997–1998 AND 2015–2016 FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PLANETARY HEALTH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.061-021Keywords:
Climate change, El Niño, Extreme climate events, Global warming, Planetary HealthAbstract
El Niño is an important natural climate variability phenomenon capable of influencing atmospheric and hydrological patterns in several regions of the world. This study aims to comparatively analyze the 1997–1998, 2015–2016, and 2023–2024 El Niño events, highlighting their impacts on extreme climate events in Brazil from a Planetary Health perspective. The methodology was based on a literature review of national and international scientific publications, meteorological agency reports, and studies addressing climate change and its socio-environmental consequences. The results indicate that the 2023–2024 event reached high intensity and occurred in a context of intensified global warming, contributing to severe droughts in the Amazon, record-breaking heat waves across different regions, and extreme rainfall in southern Brazil. Compared with previous episodes, greater socio-environmental vulnerability and increased health risks were observed, including water insecurity, heat-related illnesses, and impacts on food production. It is concluded that the interaction between natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change intensifies the effects of extreme events, reinforcing the need for integrated adaptation, mitigation, and Planetary Health strategies.
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