COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF METHYLPHENIDATE USE IN NEURODIVERGENT CHILDREN

Abstract

Neurodivergence represents a natural variation in the structure and functioning of the central nervous system, manifesting in different patterns of attention, sensory processing, learning, communication, and behavior. It includes conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), dyslexia, dyscalculia, developmental coordination disorder, and other neurological variations. Although not diseases in themselves, these conditions often generate significant functional challenges in neurotypically organized environments, causing distress to the child and their family. Methylphenidate is the most widely studied and prescribed stimulant drug in the world for the management of core symptoms related to attention and behavioral dysregulation. This article presents a detailed and updated analysis, addressing its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic profile, specific therapeutic effects for each neurodivergent condition, safety and tolerability profile, short- and long-term risks, stringent prescribing guidelines, scientific and ethical controversies, and the importance of integration with non-pharmacological interventions. It concludes that, when correctly indicated, in individualized doses and continuously monitored by a multidisciplinary team, methylphenidate constitutes a valuable tool to promote the development, autonomy, and quality of life of neurodivergent children—without negating their individual characteristics.