SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROCESS MODELS

Abstract

The central theme of this work is the analysis of software engineering process models, with a focus on the approaches adopted for the development of computer systems and the contributions that these methodologies make to the efficiency, quality and organization of projects. The main objective is to understand how the most traditional and modern development models help to overcome the recurring challenges in software creation, such as changes to requirements, control of deadlines, costs and end-user satisfaction. The research was conducted using a bibliographic methodology, based on authors such as Pressman, Sommerville, IBM and the IEEE, using their works as a reference to examine the main models applied in software engineering. Among the models covered are the waterfall model, prototyping, the spiral model, the incremental model and component-based development. Also included was an analysis of the SWEBOK (Software Engineering Body of Knowledge) guide, which systematizes the areas of knowledge necessary for software engineering. The results of the research show that although each model has its own characteristics and specific limitations, the choice and proper application of a development process has a direct impact on the quality and success of the software produced. It was also found that more iterative and adaptable models, such as the spiral and incremental, offer greater flexibility in the face of the complexity of today's systems, while approaches such as the waterfall model are more suitable in contexts with well-defined requirements. It is concluded that software engineering, by integrating systematized techniques with a focus on risk analysis, component reuse and user participation, represents an indispensable tool in the construction of effective technological solutions. In addition, the importance of constantly updating professionals in the field is highlighted, given the rapid technological changes and the evolution of the methodologies used in the sector.