FUNCTIONAL EXHAUSTION OF CD4⁺ T LYMPHOCYTES IN CHRONIC INFECTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.036-010Keywords:
CD4 T lymphocytes, Functional exhaustion, Chronic infectionsAbstract
Chronic infections pose a challenge to the immune system due to persistent antigenic stimulation, which can result in progressive dysfunction of adaptive immune cells. In this context, functional exhaustion of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes has been recognized as a central mechanism in the immune system’s inability to control persistent pathogens. This study aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the mechanisms involved in functional exhaustion of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes in chronic infections. The methodology consists of a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical review, based on the search and critical analysis of scientific articles in recognized databases. The results demonstrate that CD4⁺ T lymphocyte exhaustion is associated with sustained expression of inhibitory receptors, reduced proliferative capacity, and decreased production of effector cytokines. It is concluded that this process plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of chronic infections, standing out as a relevant target for future therapeutic strategies.
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