ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN BRAZIL: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Brazil constitutes a complex socio-technical phenomenon, embedded in a context of continental dimensions, socioeconomic singularities, and a historical trajectory marked by energy technological pluralism. This chapter analyses the recent evolution of the Brazilian electric fleet, highlighting its exponential growth, even though its share in the total national fleet remains modest. The country's competitive advantages are explored, such as the endowment of strategic mineral resources (niobium, lithium, graphite), a predominantly renewable electricity matrix, and a consolidated automotive industry. Concurrently, the main obstacles to mass diffusion are identified and discussed, with emphasis on the charging infrastructure – insufficient and geographically unequal –, high acquisition costs, regulatory fragmentation, and challenges imposed by territorial extension. The chapter also examines current public policies, such as the Rota 2030 Program, and future perspectives, including the verticalization of the productive chain, integration with smart grids, and the electrification of captive fleets. It is concluded that, although Brazil possesses unique conditions to lead specific segments of the transition, the materialization of this potential depends on coordinated actions and substantial investments in infrastructure, incentives, and regulation.