DRUG INTERACTIONS AND SELF-MEDICATION: RISKS OF INDISCRIMINATE USE OF MEDICATIONS WITHOUT PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE

Abstract

This study aims to analyze, through a rigorous review of the scientific literature, the dangers inherent in the practice of self-medication, with an emphasis on potential and dangerous drug interactions. This approach is crucial, since self-medication has become a serious public health problem, driven by easy access to medications, the search for immediate symptom relief, and often by the influence of unverified information. The methodology employed consisted of an in-depth analysis of scientific articles, systematic reviews, and epidemiological studies that address the consequences of the irrational use of drugs without the proper guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. The main findings demonstrate an alarming scenario: self-medication not only increases the risk of adverse reactions and intoxications but also significantly compromises the therapeutic efficacy of treatments. The simultaneous or sequential ingestion of different medications, without knowledge of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, can result in toxic effects, negate the expected action of the treatment, or mask the diagnosis of underlying diseases. Additionally, a highly relevant impact on public health is the increase in antimicrobial resistance, frequently associated with the inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics without a prescription. This irresponsible practice directly contributes to the emergence of so-called "superbugs," limiting treatment options for future infections and increasing overall morbidity and mortality. In conclusion, minimizing these complex and multifaceted risks is imperative. Investment in robust public policies that promote the continued education of the population on the rational use of medicines is essential, highlighting the fundamental role of the pharmacist in counseling and pharmaceutical care. Professional guidance and strengthened access to medical consultations are essential pillars to ensure the safe and effective use of drugs, protecting individual and collective health against the silent dangers of self-medication.