INDISCRIMINATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS THROUGH SELF-MEDICATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BACTERIAL RESISTANCE

Abstract

Bacterial resistance represents one of the main contemporary challenges to public health, being associated with the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Among the factors contributing to this scenario, self-medication stands out, a practice that favors incorrect exposure to these drugs and intensifies the selective pressure on bacterial populations. This study aimed to describe the mechanisms by which self-medication can accelerate the development of bacterial resistance. This is a literature review based on recent scientific publications and official documents. The analysis showed that the early interruption of treatment, the use of inadequate doses, and the reuse of leftover medications create favorable conditions for the survival of resistant microorganisms, in addition to stimulating mutations and the horizontal transfer of resistance genes. As a consequence, greater therapeutic difficulty, the need for last-line drugs, and increased morbidity and healthcare costs are observed. It is concluded that understanding this relationship is fundamental to strengthening control strategies and promoting the rational use of antimicrobials.