ETHICS IN PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE FRAGILITY OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE IN GUINEA-BISSAU

Abstract

This article analyzes the relationship between ethics in public service and the fragility of the democratic state in Guinea-Bissau, from the post-independence period to recent events (2020–2026). The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive approach, based on document analysis and content analysis, as per Bardin (2011). The study shows that the country's political trajectory is marked by institutional instability, recurring coups d'état, electoral crises, and military interventions, factors that compromise democratic consolidation. It is observed that practices such as corruption, nepotism, and political clientelism, associated with the fragility of institutions, contribute to the erosion of the constitutional order and the concentration of power in the Executive branch. Furthermore, the limitation of civil liberties, the fragility of the judicial system, and low administrative transparency intensify public distrust in public institutions. The results indicate that the absence of ethics in public management constitutes one of the main obstacles to governance, socioeconomic development, and political stability in the country. It is concluded that the consolidation of a democratic state in Guinea-Bissau depends on the implementation of structural reforms, including the strengthening of institutions, guaranteeing the separation of powers, promoting transparency, holding public officials accountable, and investing in civic education. Thus, public ethics emerges as a central element for building effective, legitimate governance oriented towards the collective interest.