COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS IN THE EXTRACTION AND SOLUBILIZATION OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN FROM ANNATTO (BIXA ORELLANA L.)
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https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.043-006Palabras clave:
Bixin, Norbixin, Solubility, UV–VisibleResumen
This chapter addresses the influence of different organic solvents on the solubility and spectroscopic properties of the natural dyes bixin and norbixin, extracted from the seeds of Bixa orellana L. Initially, general aspects of natural dyes are discussed, with emphasis on the carotenoids present in annatto and their industrial relevance in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. Subsequently, the theoretical foundations related to solubility and UV–Vis spectrophotometry are presented, including the application of the Lambert–Beer Law for the quantification of compounds in solution.The experimental methodology involved pigment extraction, preparation of solutions in different solvents (acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and chloroform), and spectrophotometric analysis in the 200–800 nm range. The results demonstrated that solubilization efficiency depends directly on the compatibility between solvent polarity and the molecular structure of the dye. Bixin, predominantly nonpolar, showed greater solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide and chloroform, whereas norbixin, more polar due to the presence of carboxylic groups, exhibited better performance in solvents of intermediate polarity, such as acetone.The UV–Vis spectra revealed characteristic bands associated with π → π* transitions, as well as solvatochromic effects, indicating that the chemical environment significantly influences the energy of electronic transitions. Solutions were prepared under the same conditions using the solvents acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and chloroform. Absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength for each solution through UV–Vis spectral analysis in the 800–200 nm range. The data obtained from the UV–Vis analyses confirmed the higher effectiveness of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in dissolving bixin and of acetone for norbixin compared to the other solvents.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
