PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM: FROM DIAGNOSIS TO TREATMENT

Abstract

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a major cardiovascular emergency, characterized by partial or total obstruction of the pulmonary arterial circulation by emboli, usually originating from thrombi from the deep venous system of the lower limbs. Its clinical presentation is variable, ranging from nonspecific symptoms to obstructive shock and sudden death. Early diagnosis is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality, based on clinical evaluation combined with laboratory and imaging tests. Treatment involves anticoagulation, thrombolysis, endovascular or surgical procedures, according to risk stratification. This article reviews the main pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of PTE, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and early recognition of the disease.