ENDOCRINE-METABOLIC RESPONSE TO TRAUMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.049-031Keywords:
Trauma, Metabolic response, Stress hormones, Hypermetabolism, InflammationAbstract
The endocrine-metabolic response to trauma constitutes a complex set of neurohormonal and inflammatory alterations aimed at maintaining homeostasis in the face of acute stress. This study aimed to systematically analyze the main pathophysiological mechanisms, hormonal mediators, metabolic repercussions, and clinical implications of this response. A systematic literature review was conducted in international databases, including PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and the Cochrane Library, considering publications from the last 20 years. The findings demonstrate that trauma triggers a biphasic response characterized by an initial hypometabolic phase (ebb) followed by a hypermetabolic phase (flow), mediated by catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main repercussions include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and marked proteolysis and lipolysis. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for optimizing clinical management, especially in critically ill patients.
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