PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH POLYPHARMACY IN THE ELDERLY: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/armv1n9-015Keywords:
Polypharmacy, Gastrointestinal disorders, Elderly, Deprescribing, Adverse reactionsAbstract
The increase in global longevity has led to a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and, consequently, to polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications), which represents a serious health risk for the elderly. This scenario is particularly relevant in Brazil, where approximately 74% of the elderly have at least one chronic non-communicable disease and 18% are on polypharmacy. The simultaneous use of multiple drugs significantly increases the risk of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and interactions, with Gastrointestinal Disorders (GIDs), such as constipation, nausea, gastritis, ulcers, and digestive bleeding, being some of the most common and serious complications. Drugs such as Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), anticoagulants, opioids, antibiotics, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently implicated. For example, the combination of NSAIDs and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) can double the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Chronic GI disorders compromise the quality of life, nutritional status, and functional autonomy of older adults, increasing the risk of frailty, hospitalizations, and costs. To mitigate these risks, recent literature emphasizes the importance of periodic pharmacotherapy review by multidisciplinary teams and, especially, the practice of deprescribing (deliberate discontinuation of unnecessary medications). The combination of these strategies with the rational use of medications and patient education is fundamental to promoting safer and more dignified aging.
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