HEMATOLOGICAL SEQUELAE AND ALTERATIONS IN THE POST–SARS-COV-2 INFECTION SYNDROME: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article aimed to identify and discuss the main hematological sequelae associated with Covid-19 infection, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study is a literature review addressing general aspects of the pandemic, characteristics of the etiological agent, and clinical manifestations of the disease, with emphasis on symptoms and post-infection sequelae. Particular attention is given to the impact of Covid-19 on the human hematological system. The analyzed studies indicate that, although significant progress has been made in understanding post-Covid-19 complications, there is still no definitive consensus regarding the extent and pathophysiological mechanisms of these sequelae. However, available evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger an exacerbated inflammatory response, characterized by excessive cytokine release, known as a “cytokine storm.” Although this process plays a central role in immune defense, it may also lead to damage to healthy cells and tissues. In the hematological context, this inflammatory response has been associated with clinically relevant alterations, including immune-mediated disorders and hematological diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia.