COMPARATIVE PROTEOMICS BETWEEN TUMORS AND HEALTHY TISSUES FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF AGGRESSIVE CANCERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.070-015Keywords:
Aggressive cancer, Comparative proteomics, Early diagnosis, Precision oncology, Tumor biomarkersAbstract
Comparative proteomics of tumor and healthy tissues has become established as a promising approach to the early detection of aggressive cancers because it enables the identification of biomarkers associated with the initial stages of carcinogenesis. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence on the application of this strategy to the molecular differentiation of normal and neoplastic tissues, with an emphasis on its diagnostic and prognostic potential. This integrative literature review was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SpringerLink, and DOAJ databases and considered publications in Portuguese and English issued between 2020 and 2026. The selected studies showed that proteomics enables the identification of protein signatures capable of distinguishing among different types of cancer, particularly colorectal, prostate, ovarian, and esophageal cancers. The authors agreed that multivariate proteomic panels outperform individual biomarkers, increasing diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the findings indicate that protein alterations can be detected at subclinical stages, reinforcing their potential for early screening and risk stratification. It is concluded that comparative proteomics represents an innovative and promising tool in precision oncology, although clinical validation studies and methodological standardization are still required before it can be fully incorporated into clinical practice.
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