THE POPULARIZATION OF WEIGHT-LOSS PENS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH: THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS, EMERGING RISKS, AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN CONTEMPORARY BRAZIL

Resumen

The popularization of so-called “weight-loss pens,” based primarily on GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide and liraglutide, has transformed obesity treatment in contemporary Brazil, while also raising important public health issues. This study aims to analyze the therapeutic benefits, emerging risks, and regulatory challenges associated with the growing use of these medications. It consists of a narrative review of the scientific literature and official documents from regulatory and health agencies, with a critical analysis of the available evidence. The results indicate that these drugs show significant efficacy in weight reduction and glycemic control, contributing to the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, an increase in indiscriminate use, self-medication, and easier access for uses outside clinical indications has been observed, which may lead to gastrointestinal adverse effects, risk of pancreatitis, and potential long-term impacts that have not yet been fully clarified. It is concluded that, despite their relevant therapeutic benefits, the popularization of these medications requires the strengthening of health regulation, monitoring of use, and health education strategies to ensure safety and rational use.