EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND TRANSMISSIBLE ASPECTS OF ACUTE CHAGAS DISEASE IN THE STATE OF PARÁ: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS (2009–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.061-050Keywords:
Açaí, Acute Chagas Disease, Epidemiological surveillance, Oral transmission, Public healthAbstract
Acute Chagas Disease (ACD) remains an important public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon, where oral transmission has consolidated as the primary route of infection, significantly modifying the epidemiological profile of the disease. This chapter aims to analyze the epidemiological dynamics of ACD in the state of Pará between 2009 and 2025, contextualizing changes in transmission mechanisms, the particularities of the Amazon, and the social, environmental, and occupational determinants related to the persistence of the disease. This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). A total of 4,256 confirmed cases were analyzed according to sociodemographic and temporal variables, as well as the probable mode of infection, using descriptive statistics through absolute and relative frequencies. The results showed a slight male predominance, higher occurrence among adults aged 20 to 59 years, and a predominance of self-identified pardo (mixed-race) individuals. Oral transmission accounted for 85.57% of cases, vastly outnumbering vector-borne transmission, and marked seasonality was observed, with notifications concentrated between August and December, coinciding with the açaí harvest period. An upward trend in notifications was also identified in the final years of the historical series, following a decrease observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that ACD in Pará is strongly associated with environmental, productive, and social factors, reinforcing the need for integrated strategies combining epidemiological and sanitary surveillance, food safety, health education, and the strengthening of prevention and control actions.
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