CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE AND THE CHALLENGES OF CHRONIC DISEASES IN THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSITION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.034-014Keywords:
Chronic diseases, Contemporary medicine, Epidemiological transition, Global health, Primary health careAbstract
Contemporary medicine faces increasing challenges due to the expansion of chronic noncommunicable diseases within the context of the global epidemiological transition. Conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases have become predominant over infectious diseases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, as originally described by Omran and further discussed by scholars such as Marmot and Beaglehole. The objective of this chapter is to analyze the main challenges posed by chronic diseases to contemporary medicine, considering epidemiological, social, and health system-related aspects. The methodology consisted of a narrative review of national and international scientific literature, including publications from the World Health Organization, global epidemiological studies, and articles indexed in databases such as PubMed and SciELO. The results indicate that increased life expectancy, rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and social inequalities significantly contribute to the global burden of chronic diseases, demanding healthcare models focused on prevention, continuity of care, and interdisciplinary approaches. It is concluded that contemporary medicine must advance toward integrated strategies for health promotion, strengthening primary healthcare, and implementing intersectoral public policies to effectively address the challenges of chronic diseases in the global epidemiological transition.
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