ORTHOPEDIC TRAUMA: COMMON CAUSES, DIAGNOSES, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Orthopedic trauma, which encompasses musculoskeletal injuries resulting from external forces such as fractures, dislocations, sprains, and ligament injuries, is commonly caused by car accidents, falls, sports injuries, and violence. The severity of these injuries ranges from mild cases to complex open fractures, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Accurate diagnosis is crucial, involving analysis of the patient's history, a detailed physical examination, and imaging tests. X-rays are essential for evaluating fractures, while computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide additional details for complex injuries such as intra-articular fractures and soft tissue injuries. Ultrasound can also be used to assess tendon and ligament injuries, especially in children. Treatment varies depending on the severity and location of the injury. Stable fractures can be treated with immobilization using a cast or splint, while unstable or exposed fractures often require surgical intervention. Internal fixation, which uses plates, screws, intramedullary rods, or external fixators, is used to stabilize the fracture and promote bone healing. Rehabilitation is an essential step in restoring muscle function and strength after immobilization or surgery. Prevention is key to reducing the incidence of orthopedic trauma. Preventive measures include promoting traffic safety, obeying laws, wearing seat belts, and avoiding alcohol or drug use while driving. Preventing falls, especially in the elderly, by adapting the home to avoid accidents, is also crucial. The use of appropriate protective equipment during sports and risky activities, as well as the adoption of correct postures and safe techniques at work and in daily activities to avoid repetitive strain injuries, are equally important. Awareness of the risks and the adoption of preventive measures are therefore crucial to minimize the impact of orthopedic trauma on society.