EFEITO ECOTOXICOLÓGICO E RESIDUAL DAS CEFALOSPORINAS DE PRIMEIRA GERAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE INTEGRATIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/aurumpub.065-012Palavras-chave:
Cefalosporinas de primeira geração, Contaminantes emergentes, Ecotoxicologia aquática, Resíduos farmacêuticosResumo
Este trabalho objetivou sintetizar evidências sobre o efeito ecotoxicológico e residual das cefalosporinas de primeira geração em ambientes aquáticos. A revisão integrativa seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA 2020, consultou a base PubMed e documentos complementares entre fevereiro e julho de 2025, considerou artigos originais publicados de 2015 a 2025 e aplicou critérios de inclusão (ensaios experimentais com cefalosporinas de primeira geração) e exclusão (revisões, gerações posteriores de cefalosporinas). A análise incluiu três estudos principais que avaliaram a toxicidade aguda de ceftiofur e cefapirina em Daphnia magna, determinando EC₅₀ e LC₅₀ para ceftiofur e ausência de efeito significativo para cefapirina até 510 µM. A fototransformação por UV-C elevou mortalidade e imobilidade apenas nos subprodutos de cefapirina. Outro estudo descreveu resposta característica para Chlorella pyrenoidosa exposta a cefradina: estimulação de crescimento e clorofila a, seguida de inibição em concentrações superiores. O terceiro estudo previu via QSAR que a maioria dos subprodutos de cefalexina apresenta toxicidade aquática reduzida, com exceção de P7. Os achados evidenciam discrepância entre concentrações de ensaio e níveis ambientais, realçam a importância de avaliar produtos de degradação e padrões horméticos, e apontam lacunas em testes de concentrações relevantes, misturas de poluentes e validação in vivo de subprodutos. Recomenda-se padronizar protocolos ecotoxicológicos em matrizes reais, revisar valores obtidos e investigar tecnologias avançadas de remoção para mitigar os riscos ecológicos e de saúde pública.
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