MECHANICAL FACTORS THAT TRIGGER VENTILATOR-INDUCED LUNG INJURY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation is an important therapy prescribed for critically ill patients, with the aim of resting the respiratory muscles and providing adequate gas exchange while optimizing the clinical situation itself, but they end up being exposed to physical and biological factors that can contribute to a worsening of the clinical prognosis. Objective: To cover the synthesis of information and theories, based on evidence found in the literature, on the mechanical causal factors that are involved in the mechanism of lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review study carried out by searching for articles in the Pubmed and BVS databases. Results: The samples included in this integrative review were composed of 8 articles, where the steps followed for the selection of articles were organized by the PRISMA-type flowchart and the selected scientific productions composed of 6 articles (75%) are observational studies and 2 articles (25%) are randomized clinical trials. Conclusion: Mechanical variables such as tidal volume, pressures (inspiratory pressures and PEEP), respiratory rate and inspiratory flow are parameters that, when configured without criteria and in a generalist manner, end up being characterized as forces that generate aggression to the lung parenchyma. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the need for strategies that lead to the adjustment of these mechanical variables to more conservative levels of plateau pressure, driving pressure and mechanical power based on the patient's lung compliance.