CLINICAL-PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHEMODECTOMA IN DOGS

Abstract

Chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm in dogs, originating from the chemoreceptors located at the base of the heart and in the carotid region. This neoplasm is slow-growing and generally benign, although it can infiltrate adjacent tissues and occasionally metastasize. Brachycephalic breeds and elderly dogs are more predisposed to its development, suggesting a role for chronic hypoxia as an etiological factor. Clinically, the signs are often non-specific, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, coughing and signs of congestive heart failure, making early diagnosis difficult. Pathological findings are characterized by firm, whitish masses associated with compression and obstruction of cardiac structures. The definitive diagnosis is made using imaging tests, complemented by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Surgical treatment is indicated in selected cases, while palliative therapy is applied in most situations. The prognosis varies from guarded to unfavorable, depending on the local extension, the presence of metastases and the feasibility of treatment. Early detection and correct clinical and pathological characterization are essential for the proper management of affected dogs, reinforcing the importance of knowledge about this neoplasm in veterinary medicine.